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c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 a n p e c r e s e r v e s t h e r i g h t t o m a k e c h a n g e s t o i m p r o v e r e l i a b i l i t y o r m a n u f a c t u r a b i l i t y w i t h o u t n o t i c e , a n d a d v i s e c u s t o m e r s t o o b t a i n t h e l a t e s t v e r s i o n o f r e l e v a n t i n f o r m a t i o n t o v e r i f y b e f o r e p l a c i n g o r d e r s . 3 a , 1 m h z , s t e p d o w n d c / d c r e g u l a t o r s o u r c e / s i n k 3 a u p t o 1 m h z s w i t c h e s f r e q u e n c y u p t o 9 4 % e f f i c i e n c y i n t e r n a l p m o s / n m o s s w i t c h e s - 7 0 m w/ 4 0 m w o n - r e s i s t a n c e a t v i n = 4 . 5 v - 9 0 m w / 6 0 m w o n - r e s i s t a n c e a t v i n = 3 v 1 % o u t p u t a c c u r a c y 1 . 1 v t o v i n a d j u s t a b l e o u t p u t v o l t a g e 3 v t o + 5 . 5 v i n p u t v o l t a g e r a n g e < 1 m a s h u t d o w n s u p p l y c u r r e n t p r o g r a m m a b l e c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e o p e r a t i o n t h e r m a l s h u t d o w n a d j u s t a b l e s o f t - s t a r t i n r u s h c u r r e n t l i m i t i n g o u t p u t s h o r t - c i r c u i t p r o t e c t i o n l e a d f r e e a v a i l a b l e ( r o h s c o m p l i a n t ) f e a t u r e s a p p l i c a t i o n s m o t h e r b o a r d g r a p h i c s c a r d s c a b l e o r d s l m o d e m s , s e t t o p b o x e s d s p s u p p l i e s m e m o r y s u p p l i e s 5 v i n p u t d c - d c r e g u l a t o r s d i s t r i b u t e d p o w e r s u p p l i e s g e n e r a l d e s c r i p t i o n t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 i s a r e v e r s i b l e e n e r g y f l o w , c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e , p u l s e - w i d t h m o d u l a t e d ( p w m ) , s t e p - d o w n d c - d c c o n v e r t e r . i t i s i d e a l f o r u s e i n n o t e b o o k a n d s u b - n o t e b o o k c o m p u t e r s t h a t r e q u i r e 1 . 1 v t o 5 v a c t i v e t e r m i n a t i o n p o w e r s u p p l i e s . t h i s d e v i c e f e a t u r e s a n i n t e r n a l p m o s p o w e r s w i t c h a n d i n t e r n a l s y n c h r o n o u s r e c t i f i e r f o r h i g h e f f i c i e n c y a n d r e d u c e d c o m p o n e n t c o u n t . t h e i n t e r n a l 9 0 m w p m o s p o w e r s w i t c h a n d 6 0 m w n m o s s y n c h r o n o u s - r e c t i f i e r s w i t c h e a s i l y d e l i v e r c o n t i n u o u s l o a d c u r r e n t s u p t o 3 a . t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 a c c u r a t e l y t r a c k s a n e x t e r n a l r e f e r e n c e v o l t a g e , p r o d u c e s a n a d j u s t a b l e o u t p u t f r o m 1 . 1 v t o v i n , a n d a c h i e v e s e f f i c i e n c i e s a s h i g h a s 9 4 % . t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 u s e s a u n i q u e c u r r e n t - m o d e , c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e , p w m c o n t r o l s c h e m e t h a t a l l o w s t h e o u t p u t t o s o u r c e o r s i n k c u r r e n t . t h i s f e a t u r e a l l o w s e n e r g y t o r e t u r n t o t h e i n p u t p o w e r s u p p l y t h a t o t h e r w i s e w o u l d b e w a s t e d . t h e p r o g r a m m a b l e c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e a r c h i t e c t u r e s e t s s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c i e s u p t o 1 m h z , a l l o w i n g t h e u s e r t o o p t i m i z e p e r f o r m a n c e t r a d e - o f f s b e t w e e n e f f i c i e n c y , o u t p u t s w i t c h i n g n o i s e , c o m p o n e n t s i z e , a n d c o s t . t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 f e a t u r e s a n a d j u s t a b l e s o f t - s t a r t t o l i m i t s u r g e c u r r e n t s d u r i n g s t a r t u p , a 1 0 0 % d u t y - c y c l e m o d e f o r l o w - d r o p o u t o p e r a t i o n , a n d a l o w - p o w e r s h u t d o w n m o d e t h a t d i s a b l e s t h e p o w e r s w i t c h e s a n d r e d u c e s s u p p l y c u r r e n t b e l o w 1 a . t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 i s a v a i l a b l e i n a 3 2 - p i n q f n w i t h a n e x p o s e d b a c k s i d e p a d o r a 1 6 - p i n s s o p .
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 2 apw7093 handling code temp. range package code package code n : ssop-16 qa : qfn -32 operating ambient temp. range i : -45 to 85 c handling code tu : tube tr : tape & reel apw7093 n : xxxxx - date code lead free code l : lead free device blank : original device lead free code apw7093 qa : apw7093 xxxxx xxxxx - date code apw7093 xxxxx o r d e r i n g a n d m a r k i n g i n f o r m a t i o n p i n d e s c r i p t i o n pgnd pgnd in lx lx in lx 1 2 3 4 8 6 7 16 5 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 vcc gnd ref gnd ss extref toff fb apw7093 shdn s s o p - 1 6 q f n - 3 2 n o t e : a n p e c l e a d - f r e e p r o d u c t s c o n t a i n m o l d i n g c o m p o u n d s / d i e a t t a c h m a t e r i a l s a n d 1 0 0 % m a t t e t i n p l a t e t e r m i n a t i o n f i n i s h ; w h i c h a r e f u l l y c o m p l i a n t w i t h r o h s a n d c o m p a t i b l e w i t h b o t h s n p b a n d l e a d - f r e e s o l d i e r i n g o p e r a t i o n s . a n p e c l e a d - f r e e p r o d u c t s m e e t o r e x c e e d t h e l e a d - f r e e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f i p c / j e d e c j s t d - 0 2 0 c f o r m s l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a t l e a d - f r e e p e a k r e f l o w t e m p e r a t u r e . extref n.c in lx in 1 8 16 9 ss apw7093 17 24 25 n.c n.c n.c n.c n.c lx lx pgnd pgnd lx lx vcc gnd pgnd ref toff fb n.c n.c gnd 32 n.c n.c shdn n.c n.c n.c
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 3 parameter rating unit v cc to gnd - 0.3 ~ +6 v in to v cc 0.3 v gnd to pgnd 0.3 v shdn , ss, fb, t off, v ref to gnd - 0.3 ~ v cc +0.3 v extref to gnd - 0.3 ~ v in - 1.7 v power dissipation; part mount on 1in 2 of 1oz copper; qfn - 28 1.6 w pow er dissipation; part mount on 1in 2 of 1oz copper; ssop - 16 1 w lx current - 3.5 ~ +4.1 a operating temperature range - 40 ~ +85 c junction temperature +150 c storage temperature range - 65~+150 c lead temperature (soldering,10s) +300 c r e c o m m e n d o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n a b s o l u t e m a x i m u m r a t i n g s current sense pwm logic and drivers + _ timer ref 0.01 m f ss fb in extref shdn ref gnd pgnd lx l c i n c out r toff v in v cc v in +3.0v to +5.5v b l o c k d i a g r a m f i g 1 . b l o c k d i a g r a m recommend operating condition symbol parameter min typ max unit note v in input voltage range 3 5.5 v v out output voltage range 1.1 v in v v extref <= v in - 1.7v c out output capacitor 220 330 uf c in input capacitor 22 33 uf low esr capacito r l inductor 0.56 1 uh r toff programmed off - time resistance ?v ?v ?v k w refer to application section for further information.
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 4 apw7093 symbol parameter test conditions min typ max unit v in , v cc input voltage 3.0 5.5 v feedback voltage accuracy (v fb ? v extref ) v in =v cc =+3.0v to + 5.5v, i load =0,v extref =1.25v (note2) - 12 +12 mv d v fb feedback load regulation error i load = - 3a t o +3a, v extref =+1.25v 20 mv v extref external reference voltage range v in =v cc =+3.0 to +5.5v v ref - 0.01 v in - 1.7 v v ref reference voltage 1.07 8 1.10 0 1.12 2 v reference load regulation i ref = - 1 m a to +10 m a 0.3 2 mv v in =+4.5v 70 14 0 r pmos pmos switch on - resistance i lx =0.5a v in =+3.0v 90 18 0 m w v in =+4.5v 50 1 0 0 r nmos nmos switch on - resistance i lx =0.5a v in =+3.0v 6 0 1 20 m w i limit current limit threshold v in > v lx 3.5 4.1 4.7 a f sw switching frequency (note3) 1 mhz i cc f sw =500khz 1 i in no load suppl y current f sw =500khz 3 2 ma i shdn shutdown supply current shdn = gnd, i cc + i in <1 15 m a thermal shutdown threshold hysteresis =15 c 1 5 0 c uvlo under v oltage lockout threshold v cc falling, hysteresis = 90m v 2.5 2.6 2.7 v i fb fb input current v fb =v extref +0.1v 0 60 250 na r toff =30 .1 k w 0.40 0.44 0.48 r toff =110k w 1.10 1.20 1. 30 t off off - time r toff =499k w 4.3 4. 8 5. 3 m s startup off - time 4 toff m s t on on - time (note 3 ) 0.3 4 m s i ss ss source current 4 5 6 m a i ss ss sink current v ss =1v 2 ma shdn input current v shdn =0, v cc - 1 +1 m a v il 0.8 v ih shdn logic levels 2.0 v i out(rms) maximum output rms current 3.1 a rms e l e c t r i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ( v i n = v c c = 3 . 3 v , v e x t r e f = + 1 . 1 v , t a = - 4 5 t o + 8 5 o c , u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e n o t e d , t y p i c a l v a l u e s a r e a t t a = + 2 5 o c . )
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 5 f u n c t i o n a l p i n d e s c r i p t i o n name pin (qfn) pin (qsop) function n.c 1,5,7,9,11,13,16,19, 25,26,28,30,32 x no connection, not internally connected. in 2,4 2,4 supply voltage input for the internal pmos power switch. not internally connected. externally connect all pins for proper oper ation. lx 3,21,22,27,29 3,14,16 inductor connection. connection for the drains of the pmos power switch and nmos synchronous - rectifier switch. connect the inductor from this node to the output filter capacitor and load. not internally connected. externall y connect all pins for proper operation. ss 6 5 soft - start connect a capacitor from ss to gnd to limit inrush current during startup. extref 8 6 external reference input feedback input regulates to v extref . the pwm controller remains off until extref is greater than ref. t off 10 7 off - time select input. sets the pmos power switch constant - off - time. connect a resistor from toff to gnd to adjust the pmos switch off - time. fb 12 8 feedback input. connect directly to output for fixed - voltage operation or to a resistive - divider for adjustable operating modes. gnd 14,17,backside pad, corner tabs 9 analog ground. connect exposed backside pad and corner tabs to analog gnd. ref 15 10 reference output. bypass ref to gnd with a 0. 1 m f capacitor. gnd 17 11 tie to gnd (pin 13 qfn; pin 9 s sop) v cc 18 12 analog supply voltage input. supplies internal analog circuitry. bypass v cc with a 10 w and 1 m f low - pass filter. see figure 2 . pgnd 20,23,24 13,15 power ground. internally connected to the internal nmos synchronous - re ctifier switch. shdn 31 1 shutdown control input drive shdn low to disable the reference, control circuitry, and internal mosfets. drive high or connect to v cc for normal operation. n o t e 2 : t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e w i l l h a v e a d c - r e g u l a t i o n l e v e l l o w e r t h a n t h e f e e d b a c k e r r o r c o m p a r a t o r t h r e s h o l d b y 5 0 % o f t h e r i p p l e . n o t e 3 : r e c o m m e n d e d o p e r a t i n g f r e q u e n c y , n o t p r o d u c t i o n t e s t e d . e l e c t r i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ( c o n t . ) ( v i n = v c c = 3 . 3 v , v e x t r e f = + 1 . 1 v , t a = - 4 5 t o + 8 5 o c , u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e n o t e d , t y p i c a l v a l u e s a r e a t t a = + 2 5 o c . ) apw7093 symbol parameter test conditions min typ max unit v il 0.8 v ih shdn logic levels 2.0 v i out(rms) maximum output rms current 3.1 a rms
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 6 t y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n lx pgnd gnd fb ref ss in vcc extref toff apw7093 l 220 m f 15 m w 0.1 m f 0.01 m f 33 m f 1 m f v extref r toff 10 w v in v out shdn 50k w r2 f i g 2 . t y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i n c i r c u i t f o r v i n = 5 v : l = 1 m h , r t o f f = 1 0 0 k w f o r v i n = 3 . 3 v : l = 0 . 6 8 m h , r t o f f = 6 8 k w 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0 1 2 3 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t y p i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s e f f i e n c i e n c y v s . o u t p u t c u r r e n t o u t p u t c u r r e n t ( a ) efficiency(%) v i n = 5 v , v o u t = 3 . 3 v v i n = 5 v , v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v v i n = 3 . 3 v , v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v n o l o a d s u p p l y c u r r e n t v s . i n p u t v o l t a g e i n p u t v o l t a g e ( v ) no load supply current(ma) ( c i r c u i t o f f i g u r e 2 , v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v , f o r v i n = 3 . 3 v : l : 0 . 6 8 m h , r t o f f = 6 8 k w; f o r v i n = 5 v : l = 1 m h , t o f f = 1 0 0 k w. t a = 2 5 c i f n o t s p e c i a l l y ) v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v r t o f f = 6 8 k w v i n = 5 v , v o u t = 2 . 5 v
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 1 2 3 t y p i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ( c o n t . ) s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y v s . o u t p u t c u r r e n t switching frequency(khz) o u t p u t c u r r e n t ( a ) v i n = 3 . 3 v v i n = 5 v o f f - t i m e v s . r t o f f off-time( m s) r t o f f ( k w ) ( c i r c u i t o f f i g u r e 2 , v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v , f o r v i n = 3 . 3 v : l : 0 . 6 8 m h , r t o f f = 6 8 k w; f o r v i n = 5 v : l = 1 m h , t o f f = 1 0 0 k w. t a = 2 5 c i f n o t s p e c i a l l y ) 1.110 1.111 1.112 1.113 1.114 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 v r e f v s . i n p u t v o l t a g e v ref (v) i n p u t v o l t a g e ( v ) s h d n = 2 v / d i v s t a r t u p a n d s h u t d o w n v i n = 3 . 3 v , v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v , r o u t = 0 . 4 w v s s = 2 v / d i v i n = 1 a / d i v t i m e 2 m s / d i v
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 8 iout= 3a iout= 0a vout 100mv/div time 20us/div t y p i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ( c o n t . ) l o a d t r a n s i e n t r e s p o n s e l o a d t r a n s i e n t r e s p o n s e i o u t = 3 a i o u t = 0 a v o u t 1 0 0 m v / d i v t i m e 2 0 m s / d i v v i n = 5 v , v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v , s 3a dt di m = i o u t = 3 a i o u t = 0 a v o u t 1 0 0 m v / d i v t i m e 2 0 m s / d i v v i n = 5 v , v o u t = 2 . 5 v , s 3a dt di m = ( c i r c u i t o f f i g u r e 2 , v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v , f o r v i n = 3 . 3 v : l = 0 . 6 8 m h , r t o f f = 6 8 k w; f o r v i n = 5 v : l = 1 m h , t o f f = 1 0 0 k w. t a = 2 5 c i f n o t s p e c i a l l y ) l o a d t r a n s i e n t r e s p o n s e l i n e t r a n s i e n t r e s p o n s e i o u t = 3 a i o u t = 0 a v o u t 1 0 0 m v / d i v t i m e 2 0 m s / d i v v i n = 3 . 3 v , v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v , s 3a dt di m = v i n = 5 . 0 v v o u t 1 0 0 m v / d i v t i m e 4 0 m s / d i v v i n = 3 . 0 v
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 9 t y p i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ( c o n t . ) l i g h t l o a d w a v e f o r m h e a v y l o a d w a v e f o r m v l x 5 v / d i v i l x 1 a / d i v v o u t 5 0 m v / d i v i o u t = 1 0 0 m a v l x 5 v / d i v i l x 1 a / d i v v o u t 5 0 m v / d i v i o u t = 3 a t i m e 1 m s / d i v t i m e 1 m s / d i v ( c i r c u i t o f f i g u r e 2 , v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v , f o r v i n = 3 . 3 v : l = 0 . 6 8 m h , r t o f f = 6 8 k w; f o r v i n = 5 v : l = 1 m h , t o f f = 1 0 0 k w. t a = 2 5 c i f n o t s p e c i a l l y ) 1.245 1.247 1.249 1.251 1.253 1.255 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 1.098 1.100 1.102 1.104 1.106 1.108 1.110 1.112 1.114 1.116 1.118 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 v ref (v) t e m p e r a t u r e ( c ) v i n = 3 . 3 v t e m p e r a t u r e ( c ) v out (v) v i n = 3 . 3 v i o u t = 0 a v r e f v s . t e m p e r a t u r e o u t p u t v o l t a g e v s . t e m p e r a t u r e
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 0 f u n c t i o n d e s c r i p t i o n s t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 s y n c h r o n o u s , c u r r e n t - m o d e , c o n s t a n t o f f - t i m e , p w m d c - d c c o n v e r t e r s t e p s d o w n i n p u t v o l t a g e s o f 3 v t o 5 . 5 v t o a n a d j u s t a b l e o u t p u t v o l t a g e f r o m 1 . 1 v t o v i n , a s s e t b y t h e v o l t a g e a p p l i e d a t e x t r e f . i t s o u r c e s a n d s i n k s u p t o 3 a o f o u t p u t c u r r e n t . i n t e r n a l s w i t c h e s c o m p o s e d o f a 9 0 m [ p m o s p o w e r s w i t c h a n d a 6 0 m [ n m o s s y n c h r o n o u s - r e c t i f i e r s w i t c h i m p r o v e e f f i c i e n c y , r e d u c e c o m p o n e n t c o u n t , a n d e l i m i n a t e t h e n e e d f o r a n e x t e r n a l s c h o t t k y d i o d e a c r o s s t h e s y n c h r o n o u s s w i t c h . t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 o p e r a t e s i n a c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e m o d e u n d e r a l l l o a d s . a s i n g l e r e s i s t o r - p r o g r a m m a b l e c o n s t a n t - t r a d e o f f s i n e f f i c i e n c y , s w i t c h i n g n o i s e , c o m p o n e n t s i z e , a n d c o s t . w h e n p o w e r i s d r a w n f r o m a r e g u l a t e d s u p p l y , c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e p w m a r c h i t e c t u r e e s s e n t i a l l y p r o v i d e s c o n s t a n t - f r e q u e n c y o p e r a t i o n . t h i s a r c h i t e c t u r e h a s t h e i n h e r e n t a d v a n t a g e o f q u i c k r e s p o n s e t o l i n e a n d l o a d t r a n s i e n t s . t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 ? s c u r r e n t - m o d e , c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e p w m a r c h i t e c t u r e r e g u l a t e s t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e b y c h a n g i n g t h e p m o s s w i t c h o n - t i m e r e l a t i v e t o t h e c o n s t a n t o f f - t i m e . c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e o p e r a t i o n i n t h e c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e a r c h i t e c t u r e , t h e f b v o l t a g e c o m p a r a t o r t u r n s t h e p m o s s w i t c h o n a t t h e e n d o f e a c h o f f - t i m e , k e e p i n g t h e d e v i c e i n c o n t i n u o u s - c o n d u c t i o n m o d e . t h e p m o s s w i t c h r e m a i n s o n u n t i l t h e f e e d b a c k v o l t a g e e x c e e d s t h e e x t e r n a l r e f e r e n c e v o l t a g e ( v e x t r e f ) o r t h e p o s i t i v e c u r r e n t l i m i t i s r e a c h e d . w h e n t h e p m o s s w i t c h t u r n s o f f , i t r e m a i n s o f f f o r t h e p r o g r a m m e d o f f - t i m e ( t o f f ) . t o c o n t r o l t h e c u r r e n t u n d e r s h o r t - c i r c u i t c o n d i t i o n s , t h e p m o s s w i t c h r e m a i n s o f f f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4 x t o f f w h e n v f b < v e x t r e f / 4 . s y n c h r o n o u s r e c t i f i c a t i o n i n a s t e p - d o w n r e g u l a t o r w i t h o u t s y n c h r o n o u s r e c t i f i c a t i o n , a n e x t e r n a l s c h o t t k y d i o d e p r o v i d e s a p a t h f o r c u r r e n t t o f l o w w h e n t h e i n d u c t o r i s d i s c h a r g i n g . r e p l a c i n g t h e s c h o t t k y d i o d e w i t h a l o w - r e s i s t a n c e n m o s s y n c h r o n o u s s w i t c h r e d u c e s c o n d u c t i o n l o s s e s a n d i m p r o v e s e f f i c i e n c y . t h e n m o s s y n c h r o n o u s - r e c t i f i e r s w i t c h t u r n s o n f o l l o w i n g a s h o r t d e l a y ( t y p . 2 0 n s ) a f - t e r t h e p m o s p o w e r s w i t c h t u r n s o f f , t h u s p r e v e n t i n g c r o s s - c o n d u c t i o n o r ? s h o o t - t h r o u g h . ? i n c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e m o d e , t h e s y n c h r o n o u s - r e c t i f i e r s w i t c h t u r n s o f f j u s t p r i o r t o t h e p m o s p o w e r s w i t c h t u r n i n g o n . w h i l e b o t h s w i t c h e s a r e o f f , i n d u c t o r c u r r e n t f l o w s t h r o u g h t h e i n t e r n a l b o d y d i o d e o f t h e n m o s s w i t c h . c u r r e n t s o u r c i n g a n d s i n k i n g t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e j u n c t i o n - t o - a m b i e n t t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e , c j a , i s h i g h l y d e p e n d e n t o n t h e a m o u n t o f c o p p e r a r e a i m m e d i a t e l y s u r r o u n d i n g t h e i c l e a d s . t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 q f n p a c k - a g e h a s 1 i n s q u a r e o f c o p p e r a r e a a n d a t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e o f 5 0 c / w w i t h n o f o r c e d a i r f l o w . t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 1 6 - p i n s s o p e v a l u a t i o n k i t h a s 0 . 5 i n s q u a r e o f c o p p e r a r e a a n d a t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e o f 8 0 c / w w i t h n o f o r c e d a i r f l o w . a i r f l o w o v e r t h e b o a r d s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e d u c e s t h e j u n c t i o n - t o - a m b i e n t t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e . f o r h e a t s i n k i n g p u r p o s e s , i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n n e c t t h e e x p o s e d b a c k s i d e p a d o f t h e q f n p a c k a g e t o a l a r g e a n a l o g g r o u n d p l a n e . b y o p e r a t i n g i n a c o n s t a n t - o f f - t i m e , p s e u d o - f i x e d - f r e q u e n c y m o d e , t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 c a n b o t h s o u r c e a n d s i n k c u r r e n t . d e p e n d i n g o n t h e o u t p u t c u r r e n t r e q u i r e m e n t , t h e c i r c u i t o p e r a t e s i n t w o m o d e s . i n t h e f i r s t m o d e t h e o u t p u t d r a w s c u r r e n t a n d t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 b e h a v e s a s a r e g u l a r b u c k c o n t r o l l e r , s o u r c i n g c u r r e n t t o t h e o u t p u t f r o m t h e i n p u t s u p p l y r a i l . h o w e v e r , w h e n t h e o u t p u t i s s u p p l i e d b y a n o t h e r s o u r c e , t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 o p e r a t e s i n a s e c o n d m o d e a s a s y n c h r o n o u s b o o s t , t a k i n g p o w e r f r o m t h e o u t p u t a n d r e t u r n i n g i t t o t h e i n p u t .
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 1 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.3 f u n c t i o n d e s c r i p t i o n s ( c o n t . ) s h u t d o w n d r i v e s h d n t o a l o g i c - l e v e l l o w t o p l a c e t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 i n l o w - p o w e r s h u t d o w n m o d e a n d r e d u c e s u p p l y c u r r e n t l e s s t h a n 1 a . i n s h u t d o w n , a l l c i r c u i t r y a n d i n t e r n a l m o s f e t s t u r n o f f , s o t h e l x n o d e b e c o m e s h i g h i m p e d a n c e . d r i v e s h d n t o a l o g i c - l e v e l h i g h o r c o n n e c t t o v c c f o r n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n . p o w e r d i s s i p a t i o n p o w e r d i s s i p a t i o n i n t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 i s d o m i n a t e d b y c o n d u c t i o n l o s s e s i n t h e t w o i n t e r n a l p o w e r s w i t c h e s . p o w e r d i s s i p a t i o n d u e t o c h a r g i n g a n d d i s c h a r g i n g t h e g a t e c a p a c i t a n c e o f t h e i n t e r n a l s w i t c h e s ( i . e . , s w i t c h i n g l o s s e s ) i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y : sw 2 in d(cap) f v c p = w h e r e c = 5 0 0 p f a n d f s w i s t h e s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y . r e s i s t i v e l o s s e s i n t h e t w o p o w e r s w i t c h e s a r e a p p r o x i m a t e d b y : pmos 2 out d(res) r i p = w h e r e r p m o s i s t h e o n - r e s i s t a n c e o f t h e p m o s s w i t c h . t h e j u n c t i o n - t o - a m b i e n t t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e r e q u i r e d t o d i s s i p a t e t h i s a m o u n t o f p o w e r i s c a l c u l a t e d b y : c j a = ( t j , m a x - t a , m a x ) / ( p d ( c a p ) + p d ( r e s ) ) w h e r e : c j a = j u n c t i o n - t o - a m b i e n t t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e t j , m a x = m a x i m u m j u n c t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e t a , m a x = m a x i m u m a m b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e a p p l i c a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n f o r t y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s , u s e t h e r e c o m m e n d e d c o m p o n e n t v a l u e s i n f i g u r e 2 . f o r o t h e r a p p l i c a t i o n s , t a k e t h e f o l l o w i n g s t e p s : 1 . s e l e c t t h e d e s i r e d p w m - m o d e s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y . s e e f i g u r e 3 f o r m a x i m u m o p e r a t i n g f r e q u e n c y . 2 . s e l e c t t h e c o n s t a n t o f f - t i m e a s a f u n c t i o n o f i n p u t v o l t a g e , o u t p u t v o l t a g e , a n d s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y . 3 . s e l e c t r t o f f a s a f u n c t i o n o f o f f - t i m e . 4 . s e l e c t t h e i n d u c t o r a s a f u n c t i o n o f o u t p u t v o l t a g e , o f f - t i m e , a n d p e a k - t o - p e a k i n d u c t o r c u r r e n t . f i g 3 . m a x i m u m r e c o m m e n d e d o p e r a t i o n f r e q u e n c y s e t t i n g t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e a n e x t e r n a l v o l t a g e a p p l i e d t o t h e e x t r e f p i n s e t s t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e o f t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 . t h i s c a n c o m e d i r e c t l y f r o m a n o t h e r v o l t a g e s o u r c e o r e x t e r n a l r e f e r e n c e . w h e n f b i s d i r e c t l y t i e d t o t h e o u t p u t ( f i g u r e 4 ) , t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e r a n g e i s l i m i t e d b y t h e e x t e r n a l r e f e r e n c e ? s i n p u t v o l t a g e l i m i t s . v e x t r e f s h o u l d b e l i m i t e d t o l e s s t h a n v i n - 1 . 7 v . f a i l u r e t o c o m p l y c a n c a u s e t h e p a r t t o o p e r a t e a b n o r m a l l y a n d m a y c a u s e p a r t d a m a g e . a l t e r n a t i v e l y , t h e o u t p u t c a n b e a d j u s t e d u p t o v i n b y c o n n e c t i n g f b t o a r e s i s t o r - d i v i d e r b e t w e e n t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e a n d g r o u n d ( f i g u r e 5 ) . u s e 5 0 k [ f o r r 1 . r 2 i s g i v e n b y : ? ? ? ? - = 1 v v r1 r2 extref out v o u t = 2 . 5 v v o u t = 1 . 2 5 v v o u t = 1 . 1 v v o u t = 3 . 3 v i n p u t v o l t a g e ( v ) operation frequency(khz)
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 2 a p p l i c a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n ( c o n t . ) p r o g r a m m i n g t h e s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y a n d o f f - t i m e a n d o n - t i m e t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 f e a t u r e s a p r o g r a m m a b l e p w m - m o d e s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y , w h i c h i s s e t b y t h e i n p u t a n d o u t p u t v o l t a g e a n d t h e v a l u e o f r t o f f , c o n n e c t e d f r o m t o f f t o g n d . r t o f f s e t s t h e p m o s p o w e r s w i t c h o f f - t i m e i n p w m m o d e . u s e t h e f o l l o w i n g e q u a t i o n t o s e l e c t t h e o f f - t i m e w h i l e s o u r c i n g c u r r e n t a c c o r d i n g t o t h e d e s i r e d s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y i n p w m m o d e : ( ) ( ) nmos pmos in sw pmos out in off v v v f v v v t + - - - = w h e r e : t o f f = t h e p r o g r a m m e d o f f - t i m e v i n = t h e i n p u t v o l t a g e v o u t = t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e v p m o s = t h e v o l t a g e d r o p a c r o s s t h e i n t e r n a l p m o s p o w e r s w i t c h | i o u t x r p m o s | v n m o s = t h e v o l t a g e d r o p a c r o s s t h e i n t e r n a l n m o s s y n c h r o n o u s - r e c t i f i e r s w i t c h | i o u t x r n m o s | f s w = s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y m a k e s u r e t h a t t o n a n d t o f f a r e g r e a t e r t h a n 4 0 0 n s w h e n s o u r c i n g c u r r e n t . s e l e c t r t o f f a c c o r d i n g t o t h e f o r m u l a : ) s /1.00 (109k s) 0.18 (t r off toff m m w - = s e t t i n g t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e ( c o n t . ) r e c o m m e n d e d v a l u e s f o r r t o f f r a n g e f r o m 2 4 k [ t o 4 1 0 k [ f o r o f f - t i m e s o f 0 . 4 s t o 4 s . o f t e n t h e s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y i s s e t a s h i g h a s p o s s i b l e , a n d t h e i n d u c t o r v a l u e i s r e d u c e d t o m i n i m i z e t h e e n e r g y t r a n s f e r r e d f r o m i n d u c t o r t o c a p a c i t o r d u r i n g l o a d - s t e p r e c o v e r y . t h e o p e r a t i n g f r e q u e n c y o f t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 i s d e t e r m i n e d p r i m a r i l y b y t o f f ( s e t b y r t o f f ) , v i n , a n d v o u t a s s h o w n i n t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r m u l a : ( ) ( ) nmos pmos in off pmos out in sw v v v t v v v f + - - - = h o w e v e r , a s t h e o u t p u t c u r r e n t i n c r e a s e s , t h e v o l t a g e d r o p a c r o s s t h e n m o s a n d p m o s s w i t c h e s i n c r e a s e s a n d t h e v o l t a g e a c r o s s t h e i n d u c t o r d e c r e a s e s . t h i s c a u s e s t h e f r e q u e n c y t o d r o p . a s s u m i n g r p m o s = r n m o s , t h e c h a n g e i n f r e q u e n c y c a n b e a p p r o x i m a t e d w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r m u l a : off in pmos out sw t v r f i d - = d w h e r e r p m o s i s t h e r e s i s t a n c e o f t h e i n t e r n a l m o s f e t s ( 7 0 m [ t y p ) . apw7093 extref fb lx v out =v extref v extref fig.4 adjsting the output voltage using extref apw7093 extref fb lx r2 r1 v out ref fig.5 adjsting the output voltage using fb ? ? ? ? ? - = 1 v v 1 r 2 r extref out where v ext ref = v ref = 1.1v 1.7v v v 1.1v in extref -
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 3 a p p l i c a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n ( c o n t . ) w h e n s i n k i n g c u r r e n t , t h e s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y i n c r e a s e s d u e t o t h e o n - r e s i s t a n c e s o f t h e i n t e r n a l s w i t c h e s a d d i n g t o t h e v o l t a g e a c r o s s t h e i n d u c t o r , r e d u c i n g t h e o n - t i m e . c a l c u l a t e t o n w h e n s i n k i n g c u r r e n t u s i n g t h e e q u a t i o n : p r o g r a m m i n g t h e s w i t c h i n g f r e q u e n c y a n d o f f - t i m e a n d o n - t i m e ( c o n t . ) ? ? ? ? ? + - - = pmos out in nmos out off on v v v v v t t i n d u c t o r s e l e c t i o n t h e k e y i n d u c t o r p a r a m e t e r s m u s t b e s p e c i f i e d : i n d u c t o r v a l u e ( l ) a n d p e a k c u r r e n t ( i p e a k ) . a l o w e r v a l u e o f i n d u c t o r a l l o w s s m a l l e r s i z e b u t r e s u l t s i n h i g h e r l o s s e s a n d r i p p l e . a g o o d c o m p r o m i s e b e t w e e n s i z e a n d l o s s e s i s f o u n d a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y a 2 5 % r i p p l e c u r r e n t t o l o a d c u r r e n t r a t i o ( d i / i o u t = 0 . 2 5 ) . 0.25 i t v l out off out = t h e p e a k i n d u c t o r c u r r e n t a t f u l l l o a d i s c a l c u l a t e d b y : l 2 t v i i off out out peak + = w h e r e i o u t i s t h e m a x i m u m s o u r c e o r s i n k c u r r e n t . c h o o s e a n i n d u c t o r w i t h a s a t u r a t i o n c u r r e n t a t l e a s t a s h i g h a s t h e p e a k i n d u c t o r c u r r e n t . a d d i t i o n a l l y , v e r i f y t h e p e a k i n d u c t o r c u r r e n t w h i l e s o u r c i n g o u t p u t c u r r e n t ( i o u t = i s o u r c e ) d o e s n o t e x c e e d t h e p o s i t i v e c u r r e n t l i m i t . t h e i n d u c t o r s e l e c t e d s h o u l d e x h i b i t l o w l o s s e s a t t h e c h o s e n o p e r a t i n g f r e q u e n c y . i n p u t c a p a c i t o r s e l e c t i o n t h e i n p u t f i l t e r c a p a c i t o r r e d u c e s p e a k c u r r e n t s a n d n o i s e a t t h e v o l t a g e s o u r c e . a 2 2 f t o 4 7 f c a p a c i t o r m a y b e r e q u i r e d f o r h i g h e r p o w e r a n d d y n a m i c l o a d s . l o w - e s r a n d l o w - e s l t a n t a l u m o r c e r a m i c c a p a c i t o r s h o u l d b e s u i t a b l e . o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r s e l e c t i o n t h e o u t p u t f i l t e r c a p a c i t o r a f f e c t s t h e o u t p u t v o l t a g e r i p p l e , o u t p u t l o a d - t r a n s i e n t r e s p o n s e , a n d f e e d b a c k l o o p s t a b i l i t y . t h e o u t p u t f i l t e r c a p a c i t o r m u s t h a v e l o w e n o u g h e s r t o m e e t o u t p u t r i p p l e a n d l o a d t r a n s i e n t r e q u i r e m e n t s , y e t h a v e h i g h e n o u g h e s r t o s a t i s f y s t a b i l i t y r e q u i r e m e n t s . a l s o , t h e c a p a c i t a n c e v a l u e m u s t b e h i g h e n o u g h t o g u a r a n t e e s t a b i l i t y a n d a b s o r b t h e i n d u c t o r e n e r g y g o i n g f r o m a f u l l - l o a d s o u r c i n g t o f u l l l o a d s i n k i n g c o n d i t i o n w i t h o u t e x c e e d i n g t h e m a x i m u m o u t p u t t o l e r a n c e . i n a p p l i c a t i o n s w h e r e t h e o u t p u t i s s u b j e c t t o l a r g e l o a d t r a n s i e n t s , t h e o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r ? s s i z e t y p i c a l l y d e p e n d s o n h o w m u c h e s r i s n e e d e d t o p r e v e n t t h e o u t p u t f r o m d i p p i n g t o o l o w u n d e r a l o a d t r a n s i e n t . out(max) out esr i / v r d d t h e a c t u a l m i c r o f a r a d c a p a c i t a n c e v a l u e r e q u i r e d i s d e f i n e d b y t h e p h y s i c a l s i z e n e e d e d t o a c h i e v e l o w e s r , a n d b y t h e c h e m i s t r y o f t h e c a p a c i t o r t e c h n o l o g y . t h u s , t h e c a p a c i t o r i s u s u a l l y s e l e c t e d b y e s r , s i z e a n d v o l t a g e r a t i n g r a t h e r t h a n b y c a p a c i t a n c e v a l u e . w h e n u s i n g l o w - c a p a c i t y f i l t e r c a p a c i t o r s s u c h a s c e r a m i c o r p o l y m e r t y p e s , c a p a c i t o r s i z e i s u s u a l l y d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e c a p a c i t y n e e d e d t o p r e v e n t o v e r s h o o t a n d u n d e r s h o o t f r o m c a u s i n g p r o b l e m s d u r i n g l o a d t r a n s i e n t s . g e n e r a l l y , o n c e e n o u g h c a p a c i t a n c e i s a d d e d t o m e e t t h e o v e r s h o o t r e q u i r e m e n t , u n d e r s h o o t a t t h e r i s i n g - l o a d e d g e i s n o l o n g e r a p r o b l e m .
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 4 a p p l i c a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n ( c o n t . ) s o f t - s t a r t s o f t - s t a r t a l l o w s a g r a d u a l i n c r e a s e o f t h e i n t e r n a l c u r r e n t l i m i t t o r e d u c e i n p u t s u r g e c u r r e n t s a t s t a r t u p a n d a t e x i t f r o m s h u t d o w n . a t i m i n g c a p a c i t o r , c s s , p l a c e d f r o m s s t o g n d s e t s t h e r a t e a t w h i c h t h e i n t e r n a l c u r r e n t l i m i t i s c h a n g e d . u p o n p o w e r - u p , w h e n t h e d e v i c e c o m e s o u t o f u n d e r - v o l t a g e l o c k o u t ( 2 . 6 v t y p . ) o r a f t e r t h e s h d n p i n i s p u l l e d h i g h , a 4 . 7 a c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t s o u r c e c h a r g e s t h e s o f t - s t a r t c a p a c i t o r a n d t h e v o l t a g e o n s s i n c r e a s e s . w h e n t h e v o l t a g e o n s s i s l e s s t h a n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0 . 7 v , t h e c u r r e n t l i m i t i s s e t t o z e r o . a s t h e v o l t a g e i n c r e a s e s f r o m 0 . 7 v t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y v i n , t h e c u r r e n t l i m i t i s a d j u s t e d f r o m 0 v t o t h e c u r r e n t - l i m i t t h r e s h o l d . t h e v o l t a g e a c r o s s t h e s o f t - s t a r t c a p a c i t o r c h a n g e s w i t h t i m e a c c o r d i n g t o t h e e q u a t i o n : ss ss c t a 4.7 v = m t h e o u t p u t c u r r e n t l i m i t d u r i n g s o f t - s t a r t v a r i e s w i t h t h e v o l t a g e o n t h e s o f t - s t a r t p i n , s s , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e e q u a t i o n : 1.8v v , i 1.1v 0.7v) (v i ss limit ss liim(ss) - = w h e r e i l i m i t i s t h e c u r r e n t - l i m i t t h r e s h o l d f r o m t h e e l e c t r i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . t h e c o n s t a n t - c u r r e n t s o u r c e s t o p s c h a r g i n g o n c e t h e v o l t a g e a c r o s s t h e s o f t - s t a r t c a p a c i t o r r e a c h e s 1 . 8 v . i n p u t s o u r c e t h e o u t p u t o f t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 c a n a c c e p t c u r r e n t d u e t o t h e r e v e r s i b l e p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e b u c k a n d t h e b o o s t c o n v e r t e r . w h e n v o l t a g e a t t h e o u t p u t o f t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 ( l o w - v o l t a g e p o r t ) e x c e e d s o r e q u a l s t h e o u t p u t s e t v o l t a g e t h e f l o w o f e n e r g y r e v e r s e s , g o i n g f r o m t h e o u t p u t t o t h e i n p u t ( h i g h - v o l t a g e p o r t ) . i f t h e i n p u t ( h i g h v o l t a g e p o r t ) i s n o t c o n n e c t e d t o a l o w - i m p e d a n c e s o u r c e c a p a b l e o f a b s o r b i n g e n e r g y , t h e v o l t a g e a t t h e i n p u t w i l l r i s e . t h i s v o l t a g e c a n v i o l a t e t h e a b s o - l u t e m a x i m u m v o l t a g e a t t h e i n p u t o f t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 a n d d e s t r o y t h e p a r t . t h i s o c c u r s w h e n s i n k i n g c u r r e n t b e c a u s e t h e t o p o l o g y a c t s a s a b o o s t c o n v e r t e r , p u m p i n g e n e r g y f r o m t h e l o w - v o l t a g e s i d e ( t h e o u t p u t ) , t o t h e h i g h - v o l t a g e s i d e ( t h e i n p u t ) . t h e i n p u t ( h i g h - v o l t a g e s i d e ) v o l t a g e i s l i m i t e d o n l y b y t h e c l a m p i n g e f f e c t o f t h e v o l t a g e s o u r c e c o n n e c t e d t h e r e . t o a v o i d t h i s p r o b l e m , m a k e s u r e t h e i n p u t t o t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 i s c o n n e c t e d t o a l o w i m p e d a n c e , t w o q u a d r a n t s u p p l y o r t h a t t h e l o a d ( e x c l u d i n g t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 ) c o n n e c t e d t o t h a t s u p p l y c o n s u m e s m o r e p o w e r t h a n t h e a m o u n t b e i n g t r a n s f e r r e d f r o m t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 o u t p u t t o t h e i n p u t . c u r r e n t l i m i t a n d s h o r t c i r c u i t p r o t e c t i o n t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 m o n i t o r s s o u r c i n g a n d s i n k i n g c u r r e n t , a n d l i m i t s t h e m a x i m u m o u t p u t c u r r e n t t o p r e v e n t d a m a g e s d u r i n g o v e r l o a d o r s h o r t - c i r c u i t . f i g 6 . s o f t - s t a r t c u r r e n t l i m i t 0 0 0 shdn v ss(a) i limit (a) 0.7v 1.8v v in t i limit c i r c u i t l a y o u t a n d g r o u n d i n g g o o d l a y o u t i s n e c e s s a r y t o a c h i e v e t h e a p w 7 0 9 3 ? s i n t e n d e d o u t p u t p o w e r l e v e l , h i g h e f f i c i e n c y , a n d l o w n o i s e . g o o d l a y o u t i n c l u d e s t h e u s e o f g r o u n d p l a n e s , c a r e f u l c o m p o n e n t p l a c e m e n t , a n d c o r r e c t r o u t i n g o f t r a c e s u s i n g a p p r o p r i a t e t r a c e w i d t h s . t h e f o l l o w i n g p o i n t s a r e i n o r d e r o f d e c r e a s i n g i m p o r t a n c e :
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 5 a p p l i c a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n ( c o n t . ) c i r c u i t l a y o u t a n d g r o u n d i n g ( c o n t . ) 1 . m i n i m i z e s w i t c h e d - c u r r e n t a n d h i g h - c u r r e n t g r o u n d l o o p s . c o n n e c t t h e i n p u t c a p a c i t o r ? s g r o u n d , t h e o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r ? s g r o u n d , a n d p g n d c l o s e t o g e t h e r . s p l i t t h e g r o u n d c o n n e c t i o n s . u s e s e p a r a t e t r a c e s o r p l a n e s f o r t h e p g n d a n d g n d a n d t i e t h e m t o g e t h e r a t a s i n g l e p o i n t . 2 . t h e o u t p u t c a p a c i t o r s h o u l d b e p l a c e d c l o s e t o t h e o u t p u t t e r m i n a l s t o o b t a i n b e t t e r s m o o t h i n g e f f e c t o n t h e o u t p u t r i p p l e . 3 . c o n n e c t t h e i n p u t f i l t e r c a p a c i t o r l e s s t h a n 5 m m a w a y f r o m i n . t h e c o n n e c t i n g c o p p e r t r a c e c a r r i e s l a r g e c u r r e n t s a n d m u s t b e a t l e a s t 1 m m w i d e , p r e f e r a b l y 2 . 5 m m . 4 . p l a c e t h e l x n o d e c o m p o n e n t s a s c l o s e t o g e t h e r a n d a s n e a r t o t h e d e v i c e a s p o s s i b l e . t h i s r e d u c e s r e s i s t i v e a n d s w i t c h i n g l o s s e s a s w e l l a s n o i s e . 5 . g r o u n d p l a n e s a r e e s s e n t i a l f o r o p t i m u m p e r f o r m a n c e . i n m o s t a p p l i c a t i o n s , t h e c i r c u i t i s l o c a t e d o n a m u l t i l a y e r b o a r d a n d f u l l u s e o f t h e f o u r o r m o r e l a y e r s i s r e c o m m e n d e d . f o r h e a t d i s s i p a t i o n , c o n n e c t t h e e x p o s e d b a c k s i d e p a d o f t h e q f n p a c k a g e t o a l a r g e a n a l o g g r o u n d p l a n e , p r e f e r a b l y o n a s u r f a c e o f t h e b o a r d t h a t r e c e i v e s g o o d a i r f l o w . i f t h e g r o u n d p l a n e i s l o c a t e d o n t h e t o p l a y e r , m a k e u s e o f t h e n . c . p i n s a d j a c e n t t o g n d t o l o w e r t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e t o t h e g r o u n d p l a n e . i f t h e g r o u n d i s l o c a t e d e l s e w h e r e , u s e s e v e r a l v i a s t o l o w e r t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e . t y p i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s u s e m u l t i p l e g r o u n d p l a n e s t o m i n i m i z e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e . a v o i d l a r g e a c c u r r e n t s t h r o u g h t h e a n a l o g g r o u n d p l a n e .
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 6 p a c k a g i n g i n f o r m a t i o n s s o p - 1 6 millimeters inches dim min. max. min. max. a 1.350 1.75 0.053 0.069 a1 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.010 b 0.20 0.30 0.008 0.012 d 4.75 5.05 0.187 0.199 e 3.75 4.05 0.147 0.160 e 0.625 typ. 0.025 typ. h 5.75 6.25 0.226 0.246 l 0.4 1.27 0.016 0.050 s 0.05 0 .18 0.002 0.007 f 1 0 8 0 8 n 1 2 3 e h d l gauge plane 1 e b a1 a s
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 7 p a c k a g i n g i n f o r m a t i o n e d 13 14 15 16 9 10 11 12 1 8 6 5 4 3 2 7 24 17 19 20 21 22 23 18 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 a3 a a1 l b e2 d2 e 1 2 32 31 q f n - 3 2 millimeters inches dim min. max. min. max. a - 0 .84 - 0.033 a1 0.00 0.0 4 0.00 0.0015 a3 0.20 ref. 0.008 ref. d 4 . 9 0 5.10 0.192 0.200 e 4.90 5.10 0.192 0.200 b 0.18 0.28 0.007 0.011 d2 3.50 3.60 0.138 0.142 e2 3.50 3.60 0.138 0.142 e 0.500 bsc 0. 020 bsc l 0.35 0.45 0.014 0.018
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 8 r e f l o w c o n d i t i o n ( i r / c o n v e c t i o n o r v p r r e f l o w ) p h y s i c a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s terminal material solder-plated copper (solder material : 90/10 or 63/37 snpb lead solderability meets eia specification rsi86-91, ansi/j-std-002 category 3. packaging 2500 devices per reel t 25 c to peak tp ramp-up t l ramp-down ts preheat tsmax tsmin t l t p 25 temperature time critical zone t l to t p c l a s s i f i c a t i n r e f l o w p r o f i l e s profile feature sn - pb eutectic assembly pb - free assembly average ramp - up rate (t l to t p ) 3 c/second max. 3 c/second max. preheat - temperature min (tsmin) - temperature max (tsmax) - time (min to max) (ts) 100 c 150 c 60 - 120 seconds 150 c 200 c 60 - 180 seconds time maintained above: - temperature (t l ) - time (t l ) 183 c 60 - 150 seconds 217 c 60 - 150 seconds peak /classificatioon temperature (tp) see table 1 see table 2 time within 5 c of actual peak temperature (tp) 10 - 30 seconds 20 - 40 seconds ramp - down rate 6 c/se cond max. 6 c/second max. time 25 c to peak temperature 6 minutes max. 8 minutes max. notes: all temperatures refer to topside of the package .measured on the body surface.
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 1 9 table 2. pb - free process ? package classification reflow temperatures package thickness volume mm 3 <350 volume mm 3 350 - 2000 volume mm 3 >2000 <1.6 mm 260 +0 c* 260 +0 c* 260 +0 c* 1.6 mm ? 2.5 mm 260 +0 c* 250 +0 c* 245 +0 c* 3 2.5 mm 250 +0 c* 245 +0 c* 245 +0 c* *tolerance: the device manufacturer/supplier shall assure process compatibility up to and including the stated classification temperature (this means peak reflow temperature +0 c. for example 260 c+0 c) at the rated msl level. reliability test program test item method description solderability mil-std-883d-2003 245 c , 5 sec holt mil-std-883d-1005.7 1000 hrs bias @ 125 c pct jesd-22-b, a102 168 hrs, 100 % rh , 121 c tst mil-std-883d-1011.9 -65 c ~ 150 c , 200 cycles esd mil-std-883d-3015.7 vhbm > 2kv, vmm > 200v latch-up jesd 78 10ms , i tr > 100ma t ao e w po p ko bo d1 d f p1 c a r r i e r t a p e & r e e l d i m e n s i o n table 1. snpb entectic process ? package peak reflow temperature s package thickness volume mm 3 <350 volume mm 3 3 350 <2.5 mm 240 +0/ - 5 c 225 +0/ - 5 c 3 2.5 mm 225 +0/ - 5 c 225 +0/ - 5 c c l a s s i f i c a t i n r e f l o w p r o f i l e s ( c o n t . )
c o p y r i g h t ? a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . r e v . a . 5 - j u n . , 2 0 0 5 a p w 7 0 9 3 w w w . a n p e c . c o m . t w 2 0 c o v e r t a p e d i m e n s i o n s application carrier width cover tape width devices per reel s sop - 16 16.8 12 .3 2500 c u s t o m e r s e r v i c e a n p e c e l e c t r o n i c s c o r p . h e a d o f f i c e : 5 f , n o . 2 l i - h s i n r o a d , s b i p , h s i n - c h u , t a i w a n , r . o . c . t e l : 8 8 6 - 3 - 5 6 4 2 0 0 0 f a x : 8 8 6 - 3 - 5 6 4 2 0 5 0 t a i p e i b r a n c h : 7 f , n o . 1 3 7 , l a n e 2 3 5 , p a c c h i a o r d . , h s i n t i e n c i t y , t a i p e i h s i e n , t a i w a n , r . o . c . t e l : 8 8 6 - 2 - 8 9 1 9 1 3 6 8 f a x : 8 8 6 - 2 - 8 9 1 9 1 3 6 9 a j b t2 t1 c c a r r i e r t a p e & r e e l d i m e n s i o n application a b d0 d1 e f p0 p1 p2 6.95 5.4 1.55 0.05 1.55 0.1 1.75 0.1 5.5 0.05 4.0 0.1 8.0 0.1 2.0 0.05 t t2 w w1 c1 c2 t1 t2 c ssop - 16 0.3 0.05 2.2 12.0 0.3 9.5 13 0.3 21 0.8 13.5 0.5 2.0 0.2 80 1 (mm)

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